纹章学–符号的象征意义

[编辑] 因为自己水平有限又复查不足，只求发现问题者尽快发贴提出，共同讨论提高

不是我修改校正偷懒
最近弄到一本德国出的小册，介绍了他们400余个联邦区的纹章，附带有纹章词汇的小词典，但最近也一直在干别的活，下次有空再对照了。

这篇东西的英文版估计很多人都见过了，不过完整的“汉化”者倒没遇到过几个。前段日子找了个苦力帮忙翻译，不过被我压在手里忘记拿出来，汗。今天正好翻硬盘遇到，修改一些地方，拿出来现现，其实还是希望有人来认真点讨论一下。:D

Symbolisms of Heraldry
纹章学–符号的象征意义

以下资料取自
W. Cecil Wade《The Symbolisms of Heraldry or A Treatise on the Meanings and Derivations of Armorial Bearings》1898年 伦敦

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Colors and Metals
色彩与金属色
注：一些颜色词汇属于纹章学专用单词而渐旧，原作者也仅将其列出供参考，这里不予多加解释，比如or/yellow/gold，其实表示的只是对同一种颜色的不同称呼而已

Or, yellow or gold – Generosity.
金色、黄色和金黄色－宽容、宽大、丰饶。

Argent, white or silver – Peace and sincerity.
银色、白色或银白色－和平与诚实。

Sable or black – Constancy, sometimes grief.
黑色－坚定、坚贞，有时也暗喻纹章主人的悲伤感情和气质。

Azure or blue – Loyalty and truth.
蓝色－忠诚与真理。

Gules or red – Military fortitude and magnanimity.
红色－军人的坚忍与刚毅，高尚的行为。

Vert or green – Hope, joy and sometimes loyalty in love.
绿色－希望、欢乐，有时也可作忠贞的爱情之解。

Purpure, purple – Royal majesty, sovereignty and justice.
紫色、紫红色－王室尊严、君权、公正。

Tenne or tawney – Worthy ambition.
黄褐色、茶色－可敬的理想与抱负。

Murray or sanguine – Not hasty in battle, and yet a victor.
血红色－象征在战场上向来应对谨慎，却依然总受到胜利之神眷顾的人。

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Heraldic Lines
纹章学中的线条

Nebulee or Nebuly – The sea or water.
云雾状波纹－海，或是水。

Engrailed and Invected – Earth or land.
锯齿边缘的波纹－大地、陆地。

Indented – Fire.
锯齿形凹痕－火。

Dancette – Water.
曲折纹路－水。

Ragulee or Raguly – Difficulties which have been encountered.
参差不齐的图沿－征途中的坎坷。

Embattled – Fire or the walls of a fortress or town.
垒墙状线条－火，或是指城塞、村镇的防御工事。

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Ordinaries
普通图记

Chief – Dominion and authority.
统领－支配与权力。

Cross – Chevron – Protection.
十字及人形标示－庇护。

Fess – Military belt or girdle of honor.
环-军用腰带或者表示荣誉的环绕

Bar – For “one who sets the bar of conscience,religion and honor against angry passions.
条杠－指这样的一种个体，他能够用自己的良知、信仰、以及对荣耀的向往来平衡自己暴躁易怒的激情。

Pale – Military strength and fortitude.
栅栏状图案－勇士的力量与刚强。

Palet – Same as Pale.
尖板条状图－同上。

Pile – Same as Pale.
桩状物－同上。

Canton – Bearing of honor. When borne charged, it often contains some special symbols granted by the sovereign in reward for the performance of eminent service.
纹章右上角的方形部分－拥有荣誉的标记。如果其中还有寓意物（charges），通常提示了来源于君主，因其杰出的功劳所赐予的恩荣。

Quarter – Bearing of honor. Similar to the Canton.
置于纹章四方位的四分之一盾状标记－对荣耀的接纳，含义相当类似于上者。

Bend – Defense or protection.
弯曲状物－守备、防卫。

Battune Sinister – Marks a royal descent that is barred by illegitimacy from succession to the throne.
被包围的凶物－标志着被他人篡位而失去继承权的王室后裔。

Orle or Tressure – Preservation or protection.
财物、金银－维持者或保护者。

Flasques – Given by a king for virtue and learning, and especially for service in embassage.
Flasques－给予具有德行且好学的国王，尤其是那些忠于教会事业的人。

Voiders – Given to gentlewomen who have deserved highly.
Voiders－赠与高贵女士。

Bordure or Border – Frequently adopted as a “difference” between relatives bearing the same arms.
图案边界的标志物－一般用以作为一种标示，区别那些大体相近的纹章。

Gyron – Unity.
螺旋－团结。

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Common Charges
常用的寓意物

Lion – Deathless courage.
狮子－视死如归的勇气。

Tiger – Great fierceness and valor when enraged to combat; one whose resentment will be dangerous if aroused.
老虎－象征临阵时激发出的无与伦比的英勇和斗志；一种一旦怒火被激起将成为可怕对手的人。

Bear – Ferocity in the protection of kindred.
熊－对家族的绝对拥护。

Wolf – Denotes valiant captains that do in the end gain their attempts after long sieges and hard enterprises. One whom it is dangerous to assail or thwart.
狼－象征无畏的军人，在长期艰苦围城之后仍决不屈挠，并以此取得最终胜利的坚毅者，一种不能被阻拦的人。

Rhinoceros – Great ferocity when aroused.
犀牛－凶猛的蛰伏者。

Elephant – Courage and strength.
大象－勇气与体魄。

Heraldic Tiger – Same as Tiger.
铸在纹章上的虎－和普通的老虎含义相同。

Leopard – Valiant and hardy warrior.
豹－英勇与坚韧的武士。

Panther – As a lion may be said to signify a brave man, so may a panther a beautiful woman, which, though fierce, is very tender and loving to her young, and will defend it with the hazard of her life.
黑豹－如同一个勇敢的男人会被比喻成狮子一样，一个美丽的女人也会被比喻成豹。尽管会很凶残，却饱含母性的温柔，为了保护自己的子嗣敢于面对各种风险。

Horse – Readiness for all employments for king and country.
马－随时为国王和王族们效忠而候命

Bull or Ox – Valor and magnanimity.
公牛－英勇与宽大的胸襟。

Boar – A fierce combatant when at bay, and ceases fighting only with its life, and therefore may be properly applied as the armorial bearing of a warrior.
公猪－公猪在绝境中仍然死战直到生命最后一刻，因此勇士会愿意在盾牌上标此物以作为自己象征。

Goat – Emblem of that martial man who wins a victory by the employment rather of policy than valor.
山羊－象征那些更依赖外交式的雇佣而不是个人英勇来取得胜利的人。

Lamb – Gentleness and patience under suffering.
小羊－困苦中体现出的优雅与耐心。

Ram – Authority.
公羊－权力、权威。

Hares and Rabbits – One who enjoys a peaceable and retired life.
野兔－钟爱深居简出式生活的人。

Squirrel – Sylvan retirement being the delight of its bearer.
松鼠－乐居于森林环抱之中的退役者

Hedgehog – Provident provider.
刺猬－深谋远虑的施与者。

Beaver – Industry and perseverance.
水濑－勤奋与坚持。

Fox – One who will use all that he may posses of sagacity, wit or wisdom in his own defense.
狐狸－能够运用自己全部的精明、机敏和智慧来自卫的人。

Talbot, Mastiff and Greyhound – Courage, vigilancy and loyal fidelity.
塔尔博特犬、马士提夫獒犬、灵（犭是）←这是一个字－勇气、警惕以及对信念的忠诚。

Cat or Cat-A-Mountain – Liberty, vigilance, forecast and courage.
猫－自由、警戒心、预见力、勇气。

Camel – Docility, patience and indefatigable perseverance.
骆驼－驯顺、耐心，和任劳任怨的坚持。

Bee – Well-governed industry.
蜜蜂－良好的组织效率。

Ant – Symbolizes a man of great labor, wisdom and providence.
蚂蚁－象征兼具努力、智慧和远见的人。

Spider – Wisdom, labor and providence in all affairs.
蜘蛛－在任何事中都表现出明智、努力和洞察力。

Grasshopper – Wisdom and nobility.
蚱蜢－才识与高贵。

House Snail – Deliberation and perseverance.
蜗牛－谨慎、坚韧。

Double Eagle and Eagle – Signifies a man of action, ever more occupied in high and weighty affairs, and one of lofty spirit, ingenious, speedy in apprehension and judicious in matters of ambiguity.
鹰和双鹰－意味这样一种人：身负重大责任，长于实干。面对两难抉择时至少具备视野高远的思维、机智、迅捷的反应，以及决断力之一。

Alerion – Signifies one who having been maimed and lamed in war, was thus prevented from fully asserting his power.
Alerion－象征因战争致残的人，他们因为这个而被拒于功名之外。

Wings – Celebrity, sometimes protection or coverture.
翅膀－名望，有时表示保护或掩护。

Feathers (usually ostrich) – Willing obedience and serenity.
羽饰（通常为鸵鸟羽质）－甘愿臣服。

Falcon or Hawk – One eager or hot in the pursuit of an object much desired.
鹰或隼－象征对某种事物有极度追求渴望的人。

Hawks or Falcons Bells – One who feared not to signal his approach in either peace or war.
驯鹰铃－勇于决策选择战争还是和平，有果断心的人。

Owl – One who is vigilant and of acute wit.
猫头鹰－时刻都在机警的戒备下的人。

Peacock – Beauty and pride of carriage.
孔雀－引以为傲的美丽和仪态。

Pelican – Devoted and self-sacrificing charity.
鹈鹕－奉献与自我牺牲的慈善精神。

Stork – Filial duty, emblem of a grateful man.
鹳－子辈的天职，象征受欢迎的人。

Swan – A lover of poetry and harmony.
天鹅－好诗韵的人。

Goose and Duck – A man of many resources.
鹅和鸭－有雄厚财力和丰富手段的人。

Gannet – To subsist by the wings of his virtue and merit, having little land to rest upon.
塘鹅－以自己美德和功绩为翅膀而继续生存的人，漂泊而没有定所。

Swallow – One who is prompt and ready in the dispatch of his business.
燕子－决策果断机敏。

Cock – Courage, always ready for battle, ready to fight to the death.
公鸡－勇气，时刻准备投入战斗并且视死如归。

Dove – Loving constancy and peace.
鸽－对坚贞与和平的爱。

Raven – One who, having derived little from his ancestors, has through Providence become the architect of his own fortunes or one of an enduring constancy of nature.
渡鸦－象征不食祖业，以杰出才智缔造自己的命运的强者，或是指对生命本质的追求矢志不移的人。

Crow – Signifies a settled habitation and a quiet life.
乌鸦－象征稳定安宁的生活。

Dolphin – Charity and a kind affection towards children.
海豚－仁慈和对孩童的关怀。

Tortoise – Invulnerability to attack.
乌龟－坚不可摧。

Unicorn – Extreme courage.
独角兽－超凡的勇气。

Griffin – Sets forth the property of a valorous soldier whose magnanimity is such that he will dare all dangers, and even death itself, rather than become captive.
狮鹫－出征的勇士以其无畏的精神敢于对抗一切危险，宁愿阵亡也决不被生俘。

Dragon – A most valiant defender of treasure.
龙－最强大的宝藏守护者。

Cockatrice – Terror to all beholders.
鸡身蛇尾怪－注视它，你会感到恐怖。

Sphinx – Omniscience and secrecy.
狮身人面怪斯芬克斯－至高的博知，还有秘密。

Pegasus – Exceeding activity and energy of mind whereby one may mount to honour.
天马派格萨斯－不同凡响的活力和精神，以此可以赢得尊敬。

Harpy – Ferocity under provocation.
鸟首女妖－被激怒后会变得凶残。

Mermaid – Eloquence.
美人鱼－擅辩。

Centuar – For those who have been eminent in the field.
半人马－指在平原战场中取得赫赫成就而已经闻名的人。

Hydra – The conquest of a very powerful enemy.
九头蛇－对强敌的征服。

Phoenix – Resurrection.
不死鸟－重生。

Stag, Hart, Buck and Deer – Policy, Peace and Harmony.
雄鹿（包括牡鹿、赤鹿等）－策略、和平、和谐。

Horns and Antlers – Strength and Fortitude.
号角及鹿角－体魄和坚韧。

Escallop Shell – One who has made long journeys or voyages to far countries, who had borne considerable naval command or who had gained great victories.
扇贝壳－曾有过远渡异国他乡经历的人，或是有杰出的海军指挥能力，或是功绩卓越的人。

Other Shells – Protection of Providence.
其他类型的贝壳－受神旨宠佑的。

Heart – Charity, sincerity.
心－仁善、真挚。

Flaming Heart – Ardent affection.
火焰中的心脏－炽热的爱。

Hand – Faith, sincerity and justice.
手掌－信仰、真诚、正义。

Red Hand – Usual mark for a baronet if borne on a small escutcheon.
红色的手－通常来说，如果这种符号安加在一面小型纹章盾上，那么它是准男爵的标记。

Arm – A laborious and industrious person.
手臂－一个艰苦勤奋的人。

Gauntlet – Signify a man armed for the performance of martial enterprise.
金属臂铠－象征一个整装待发的军人。

Leg – Strength, stability and expedition.
腿－力量、恒心和敏捷。

Shoe – Same as Leg.
鞋子－同上。

Foot – Same as leg.
脚－同上。

Human Head – Honor.
人首－荣誉。

Blackamoor Head – Deeds of prowess in the Crusades.
黑人的首级－十字军战士的勇武之见证。

Skulls – Mortality.
头骨－致命的。

Crossed Thigh-bones – Mortality.
被穿透的股骨－致命的。

Eye – Providence in Government.
眼睛－政权意志。

Millstones – The mutual converse of human society.
磨石－社会上人与人之间彼此的交流。

Sceptre – Justice.
权杖－公理、正义。

Trident – Maritime dominion.
三叉戟－海上霸权。

Crown – Royal or seigniorial authority.
王冠－皇室或贵族的威信。

Celestial Crown – Heavenly reward.
带有神圣意味的王冠－神恩。

Pastoral Crosier – The emblem of a shepherd’s watchfulness over his flock, and denotes episcopal jurisdiction and authority.
牧师权杖－统驭无知者的领袖，象征主教的裁判权和威信。

Annulet or Finger Ring – Fidelity.
项链或指环－诚信。

Lozenge – Honesty and constancy, also held to be a token of noble birth.
菱形－诚实和坚定，这也被认为是他作为贵族而与生俱来的天赋。

Billets – Their first bearer was a man who obtained credence, knowledge and faith in his words and deeds, and who was secret in his affairs.
金属条（职位？）－他们首先要担负的重任是要争取世人的信任，在言行中表现出自己的学识和信仰，同时还要保留自己的隐私。

Pen – Emblematic of the liberal art of writing and of learned employments.
钢笔－学术自由的象征。

Inkhorn – Same as pen.
墨水瓶－同上。

Harp – Contemplation.
竖琴－冥想、默祷。

Lyre – Same as harp.
七弦琴－同上。

Scythe – Hope of a fruitful harvest of things hoped for.
长柄镰刀－对丰收的希望的寄托。

Sickle – Same as Scythe.
镰刀－同上。

Anchor – Succor in extremity and the Christian symbol of hope.
锚－基督徒们的希望，终极的救赎者。

Ship, Lumphiad or Galley – All such symbols would point to some notable expedition by sea, by which, perhaps, the first bearers had become famous.
海船、Lumphiad、帆船－所有这些都意味那些因远洋探险显发的人物，这些先驱者们因此而闻名于世。

Cubes, squares or dice – Constancy, wisdom, verity probity, and equity.
立方体、方形、骰子－坚毅、学问、耿直和公正。

Lozenge – Same as Cubes.
菱形物－同立方体。

Axe — Execution of military duty.
斧－军务令行。

Purse – A frank and liberal steward of the blessings that God has bestowed.
金袋－上帝的真诚宽大的仆人，被赐予福泽。

Tower or Castle – Grandeur and solidity. Sometimes granted to one who has held one for his king, or who has captured one by force or stratagem.
塔楼或城堡－宏伟和稳健。有时被给予以支持国王，或者用武力及策略俘虏过对手的人。

Bridge – Signifies a governor or magistrate.
桥梁－地方总督、地方行政官。

Pillar or Column – Fortitude and constancy.
支柱、圆柱－坚忍、坚定。

Snake – Wisdom.
蛇－知识。

Scaling Ladder – One who was fearless in attacking.
梯子－在进攻中勇往直前的人。

Crosses – Symbolic of some Christian experience or sentiment.
十字架－基督徒的灵性和情感的象征。

Trestles and stools – Hospitality.
支架和凳子－好客。

Cushions – Marks of authority.
垫边－权信的标记。

Angels, Cherubs and Seraphs – Dignity, glory and honor.
天使、小天使、六翼天使－尊严、荣耀和名誉。

Estoiles – Emblems of God’s goodness or of some eminence in the first bearer above the ruder sort of men.
Estoiles－上帝的仁爱象征，或是以其高贵出生而那些受粗野下民绝对供奉的人。

Mullet – Denotes some Divine quality bestowed from above.
鲻鱼－喻示这位贵族的身份来自于神圣授予。

Gold Spur – Dignity of knighthood.
金马靴刺－骑士（或爵士）头衔的尊贵象征。

Silver Spur – An esquire.
银马靴刺－骑士的随从、候补骑士。

Sun – Glory and splendor.
太阳－光荣和壮美。

Crescent – Signifies one who has been enlightened and honored by the gracious aspect of his sovereign.
月牙－象征那些受到宽厚优雅的君王的教诲和赐恩的人。

Moon – Serene power over mundane actions.
月亮－一种超越世俗的，纯洁不可动摇的力量。

Fire – Zeal.
火焰－热忱。

Lightning – The effecting of some weighty business with great clarity and force.
闪电－给予繁重的生活以新鲜生气的促动力。

Rocks – Safety, refuge and protection.
岩石－安全、庇佑和防护。

Portcullis – Effectual protection in emergency.
吊闸－在危急时可靠的保护者。

Hunting Horn – One who is fond of high pursuits.
猎角－喜爱激扬的生活的人。

Trumpet – Ready for the fray.
小号、小号音栓－表示已作好对争战的准备。

Cannon, Mortars, Cannon Balls and Grenades – Well bestowed on those who have dared
their terrors in sieges and battles.
大炮、臼炮、炮弹和榴弹－对那些克服自己的恐惧投入战斗的人们的馈赠。

Sword – Indicates the bearer to a just and generous pursuit of honor and virtue in warlike deeds.
长剑－象征纹章佩有者以战斗来追求荣誉和德行的高尚途径

Arrows and Arrowheads – Martial readiness.
箭和箭头－战备已就绪。

Spear or Lance – Knightly service and devotion to honor.
长矛与骑士枪－骑士义务与对荣耀的无上追求。

Spear Heads or Pheons – Dexterity and nimbleness of wit to penetrate and understand matters of highest consequence.
枪尖或Phenos（这个词在词典里的解释是“苯、苯基”）－以敏锐思维对事物予以最深刻理解的智慧。

Shield – A defender.
盾－防御者。

Saddles, Stirrups and Spurs – Preparedness for active service.
坐鞍、马蹬和马靴刺－时刻准备活跃的军人。

Horse Shoe – Good luck.
马靴－好运。

Trunk of a Tree – An object of veneration.
树干－可敬的对象。

Fusil – Travel and labour.
燧发枪－旅行和劳动。

Shacklebolt – Victory in war.
鞍褥－在战斗中取胜。

Water Bougets – Conferred on those who had brought water to an army or besieged place.
Water Bougets－专用授予那些曾经给受困的军队和城堡运送水的人。

Catharine Wheel – Emblem of one who is prepared to undergo great trials for the Christian faith.
（轮圈外沿带有倒钩的）车轮－那些已准备好为对基督的信仰经受艰难试炼的人的象征。

Escarbuncle – Supremacy.
Escarbuncle – 至高无上。

Buckles – Victorious fidelity in authority.
带扣－掌权者的胜利。

Clarion or Rest – Same as Trumpet.
号角或支座－同Trumpet。

Beacons or Cressets – One who is watchful for the commonwealth or who gave the signal in time of danger.
灯塔或标灯－为国民时刻保持警惕的象征，或是在危难时刻用以传达紧急情报。

Chains – A reward for acceptable or weighty service.
链条－对受肯定的，或价值重大服务的奖励。

Fusil of Yarn – Negotiation.
棉质火器－和议。

Fret – Persuasion
网纹饰物－说服力。

Gold Roundles – One who has been found worthy of trust and treasure.
金色圆形－被认为值得信赖和珍重的人。

White Roundles – Generosity.
白色圆形－慷慨的。

Wheel – Fortune.
车轮－命运。

Cornucopia – Bounty of Nature’s gifts.
（象征丰饶的）羊角雕刻－大自然的赠物。

Chaplets and Wreaths – Granted for special service.
串珠和花冠－对特别贡献的认可。